Scientific and Technical Capabilities of Indians

Among all countries in the world, India has inherited
the largest number of ancient manuscripts from time
immemorial. They were written on the widest range of
subjects known to humans.

Indians have traveled around the world in ships to
spread their knowledge since millenia. The oldest
universities of the world like Patali Putra and Taksha
Sila are located in India. Scholars from far east and
Europe came here for higher knowledge.

"The oldest University of the world was founded at
Taxila, where taught the great grammarian Panini."

http://ccc.1asphost.com/hamidsaeed/darood/HIST-PAKISTAN.htm


Who are the first to prepare world map?
Rig Veda mentions ships with 100 oars. The Buddhist
Jataka stories wrote about large Indian ships carrying
seven hundred people. History says that that Telugu
King Samudra Gupta went around the world several times.
The Harivamsa informs that the first geographical
survey of the world was performed during the period of
king Vaivasvata. The towns, villages and demarcation of
agricultural land of that period were depicted on maps.
Brahmanda Purana provides the best and the most
detailed description of world map drawn on a flat
surface using an accurate scale. Padma Purana says that
world maps were prepared and maintained in book form
and kept with care and safety in chests. Surya
Siddhantha speaks about construction of wooden globe
representing earth and marking of horizontal circles,
equatorial circles and further divisions. Accidental
finding of an old map some where can only open
questions. Any continued knowledge must have many
centuries of usage. Only India has it.

http://hinduwisdom.info/Seafaring_in_Ancient_India.htm
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521804554
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_ancient_India
http://www.answers.com/topic/achievements-of-ancient-indian-civilization
http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_rs/t_rs_ship_bibliog.htm

Even around circa 500 AD, sextants and mariner's
compass were not unknown to ancient Indian shipbuilders
and navigators. J.L. Reid, a member of the Institute of
Naval Architects and Shipbuilders, England, at around
the beginning of the 20th century has got published in
the Bombay Gazetteer that "The early Hindu astrologers
are said to have used the magnet, in fixing the North
and East, in laying foundations, and other religious
ceremonies. The Hindu compass was an iron fish that
floated in a vessel of oil and pointed to the North.
The fact of this older Hindu compass seems placed
beyond doubt by the Sanskrit word 'Maccha-Yantra', or
'fish-machine', which Molesworth gives as a name for
the mariner's compass".

http://www.crystalinks.com/indiascience.html

The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the
concept of what is now known as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars
have last year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates to
the 6th Century which is long before the European mathematicians.

It is given in the Vedas which are now accepted to be
8000 years old. How do you multiply a four digit number
by another four digit number? You will take the last
digit of the second number and multiply the first
number. Like that you have to do four times and add the
results properly. In Vedic mathematics, you will get
the answer in one step, even if it is a 100 digit
number multiplying another 100 digit number. Can you
imagine its implications for our modern times? Most of
you may be knowing that the CPU of a computer consists
of an ALU and NCP (numeric co-processor). If this NCP
is redesigned using Vedic mathematics, a personal
computer will work a lot better than a super computer.
And a super computer will work like a mega computer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mathematics
http://jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu/~blee27/essays/ancient_mathematics.htm
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Indians.html

Visit these sites to know about Vedic mathematics:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_mathematics
http://www.hinduism.co.za/vedic.htm
http://www.vedicmaths.org/
http://www.vedicmaths.org/Introduction/Tutorial/Tutorial.asp
http://www.magicalmethods.com/
http://www1.ics.uci.edu/~rgupta/vedic.html
http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/aa062901a.htm
http://vedicmathematics.blogspot.com/
http://www.vedicmathematics.co.uk/
http://www.vedamu.org/Mathematics/course.asp
http://www.sanalnair.org/articles/index-ved.htm
http://groups.msn.com/VedicMathematics
http://www.vedicganita.org/
http://www.vedicmathematics.net/
http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~gpmahesh/ved.html
http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/saranagati/html/vishnu_mjs/math/math.html
http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,64575,00.html
http://www.gosai.com/science/

Indians are continuing their talent in science in technology in the modern
years.

55% of foreign doctors in USA are Indians.
65% of foreign computer programmers are Indians.
12% scientists in USA are Indians.
36% of NASA scientists are Indians.
34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
28% of IBM employees are Indians.
17% of INTEL scientists are Indians.
13% of XEROX employees are Indians.

Four out of 10 Silicon Valley startups are run by Indians.
Indians account for 45% of H1-B visas issued by the US every year.

Notable Indians in USA:

Who is the co-founder of Sun Microsystems?
Vinod Khosla

Who is the creator of Pentium CPU?
Vinod Dahm

Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail?
Sabeer Bhatia

Who is the president of AT & T-Bell Labs
(AT & T-Bell Labs is the creator of programming
languages C, C++, and OS Unix)
Arun Netravalli

Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard?
Rajiv Gupta

Who is the Microsoft Testing Director of Windows 2000,
responsible to iron out all initial problems?
Sanjay Tejwrika

Who is the recipient of Noble Prize Equivalent(ACM Award)
in Computers Research for AI and Robotics?
(His Research is being used in Worldwide Robotics
Technology and modern operating systems)
A. Dr.Raj Reddy

Who are the Chief Executives of CitiBank,
Mckensey & Stanchart?
Victor Menezes, Rajat Gupta and Rana Talwar.

Indians are the richest immigrant class in the US, with
nearly 200,000 millionaires. Indians are the wealthiest among
all ethnic groups in America, even faring better than the
whites and the natives.

http://www.laloorabri.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=195

USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion
amongst academics that the pioneer of wireless communication was
Professor Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.

1. India is the world's largest, oldest, continuous civilization.
2. India never invaded any country in her last 10000 years of history.
3. India is the world's largest democracy.
4. Varanasi, also known as Benares, was called "the ancient city"
when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C.E, and is the oldest,
continuously inhabited city in the world today.
5. India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
6. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is
the most suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes
magazine, July 1987.
7. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the
sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth
to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days.

8. Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health
scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans,
cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic
surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient
India. Over 125 surgical equipment were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy,
physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and
immunity is also found in many texts.

9. India has the second largest pool of Scientists and Engineers in
the World.

10. India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.

11. India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built
a super computer indigenously.

http://www.nriol.com/info/amazingindia.asp

http://www.woodrecords.com/modernindia/People

Who will provide super-coputer capability to desktop computers?

An engineering team of the Intel India Development Centre
(IDC) had contributed 50 per cent of the work in the
development of the teraflops research chip in terms of the
logic, circuit and physical device, which is as small as a
fingernail.

The world's first programmable processor that delivers
supercomputer-like performance from a single, 80-core chip
uses less electricity than most of today's home appliances.

The IDC research team was led by Ms Vasantha Erraguntla,
Engineering Manager.

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/02/23/stories/2007022303310400.htm

The multi-core chip with greater computing horse power can
be used for diverse research applications such as scientific
experiments, weather forecasting, astronomical calculations,
oil exploration, financial services, entertainment and
personal media services involving huge data processing and
number-crunching,' Intel India research centre director
Vittal Kini said Thursday at a preview of the product here.

Collaborating with Intel's technology group's circuit
research lab at Oregon in the US, the 20-member Indian
research team headed by engineering manager Vasantha
Erraguntla played a central role in developing the teraflops
research chip in a record 20 months.

The engineering team of IIDC contributed about 50 percent of
the work consisting of logic, circuit and physical design,
while the Oregon centre undertook integration and
fabrication of the chip at the company's fab in Ireland.

http://www.indiaenews.com/business/20070222/40564.htm

The 80-core chip, not much larger than the size of a
fingernail, uses less electricity than most of today's home
appliances, Intel said, which is the result of the company's
tera-scale computing research aimed at delivering teraflops
performance, meaning, it can perform trillions of
calculations per second. The research focus is aimed at
improving performance for future PCs and servers.

http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/02/13/40731/intel-unveils-teraflop-programmable-processor.htm